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Second, the population seen by the CPT at University Children's Hospital Zurich is not fully representative of maltreated children and may differ in severity or frequency of different types of maltreatment.
Different types of maltreatment including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse or neglect in the early period of life (i.e., early live stress, ELS) are associated with mood disorders (Afifi et al. 2009; Green et al. 2010; Hovens et al. 2010; Leverich et al. 2002; McLaughlin et al. 2010).
This trend was observed in the distribution of scores according to the different types of maltreatment: the locus was external with higher scores in the victims of "neglect" (M = 22.3), followed by the victims of physical abuse (M = 21.68) and then the victims of sexual abuse (M = 21.42).
It looks at the different types of maltreatment, and the cost to economies of each.
Therefore, it was impossible to examine program effectiveness on different types of maltreatment.
Another strength is that the study measured several different types of maltreatment and adversities that were tested together in multiple regression models.
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As different types of abuse and neglect are highly inter-correlated and co-occur in most populations [ 20- 23], it is important to study the unique effect of single types of maltreatment.
The y-axis presents the percentage of participants with medical illnesses by the different types of childhood maltreatment groups (child abuse, child neglect and any type of childhood maltreatment) for bipolar cases and controls.
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, short form (CTQ-SF) [ 21] is a retrospective self-report inventory that assessed different types of childhood maltreatment on five subscales: Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, Sexual Abuse, Physical Neglect, and Emotional Neglect.
Additionally, five different types of childhood maltreatment were assessed, but only sexual abuse appears to be related with mindfulness deficits, having a negative impact on acting with awareness and increasing the judgmental stance towards inner and outer experiences.
The percentage of participants reporting each medical illness and different types of childhood maltreatment are presented in Table 1.
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