In particular, heterogeneities have been observed by Benard et al. [ 8] in the form of differences in the infection risk of different types of herds.
No differences were seen in restriction time between different types of herds, neither type of production or herd size was associated with the restriction period.
We simulated 18 different scenarios, which can be seen as 18 different types of herds.
Our approach to quantify neighborhood transmission risk results in two similarities with Mintiens et al. [ 7]: firstly, neighborhood transmission risk is quantified by a herd density measure, and secondly, this herd density measure counts different types of herds in the same way.
Based on the number of adult animals among a household's total livestock possession (TLP) in August 2013, we distinguished three different types of herd owners, namely large herders (Lhs) with ≥ 201 head, medium herders (Mhs) with 101 to 200 head and small herders (Shs) with ≤ 100 head of adult animals (Table 1).
But the sole author of the paper suggested that the changes in human skulls are more likely driven by the decreasing bite forces required to chew the processed foods eaten once humans switch to growing different types of cereals, milking and herding animals about 10,000 years ago.
More in general, the presence of different types of Map within the same herd might suggest i) multiple infection due to the introduction of infected animals or ii) divergence of the isolates caused by locus instability.
There were 3 units with different types of farrowing pens in the herd, all managed by the same staff: an old housing system, with 21 farrowing pens, a new housing system with 24 farrowing pens and a deep litter peat housing system with 40 farrowing pens.
Our results demonstrate that OAg-AcrA-based assays are highly accurate for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis, even in vaccinated herds, using different types of samples and in different platforms.
In herd 1, three different types of exfoliative toxins (ExhA, ExhB and ExhD) were found and in herd 2, two different toxin types (ExhA and ExhC) were found (table 1).
Offering a scientifically informed perspective on canines and their relations with humans, the Coppingers take a close look at eight different types of dogs—household, village, livestock guarding, herding, sled-pulling, pointing, retrieving, and hound.
