The linear mixed model revealed that the different types of brackets had different effects on friction (Figure 7).
This study looked at various factors that contribute to frictional force in different types of brackets, and it was not possible to establish the most influential factor.
In vitro bond strength of the three different types of brackets (ceramic, stainless steel, and titanium) was tested both in shear and in tensile modes.
In the Lower lingual group, keeping the other variables constant (wire and ligature), the In-Ovation L bracket produced higher values of frictional forces as compared to New STb. Figure 7 Caterpillar plot: effect on friction for different types of brackets.
Buljan et al. [ 35] in their in vitro studies investigating 8-OHdG levels as a marker of oxidative stress reported that different types of brackets could be a source of oxidative stress due to their substance elements such as iron and nickel, and however full metal and polymeric brackets generate a greater oxidative stress.
Comparisons between the different types of bracket-wire-ligature systems were carried out by means of analysis of variance on ranks with Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.05).
To our knowledge, this is the first investigation to evaluate the bond strength and stress distribution of three different types of bracket materials (stainless steel, ceramic, and titanium) using in vitro tests and FE models.
Four different types of self-ligating brackets and one conventional ligating bracket were tested (Table 1): Damon SL II (Ormco, Orange, CA, USA), In-Ovation (GAC International, Bohemia, NY, USA), Quick (Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany), Time 2 ( AO, Sheboygan, WI, USA), and Synergy (RMO, Denver, CO, USA).
slot monocrystalline ceramic preadjusted brackets with Roth prescription combined with different types of elastomeric ligatures: a. Monocrystalline ceramic brackets (Inspire Ice, Ormco, Orange, CA, USA) with CEL (Unisticks Clear, American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI, USA) b.
Kao et al. [12] investigated the frictional resistance between metal brackets and different types of orthodontic wires after immersion in other prophylactic agents such as a fluoride-containing prophylactic solution (acidified phosphate fluoride (APF) agent).
The granularity relations between corresponding fiat object parts, objects, and object aggregates (i.e. inside a pair of brackets, e.g. between a particular fiat cell part and a cell or a particular cell and a cell aggregate), as well as those between different types of objects (i.e. across brackets, e.g. between a particular atom and a particular molecule), can be determined universally.
