Because the data had limited strength and lacked detail, we were unable to analyze more precisely leader behavior's effect on different types of absence.
For the female sample, the comparison of the wage effects of different types of work absences suggests that work absences lead to wage losses consistent with a human capital model allowing for depreciation of human capital.
Section 2 summarizes previous findings on gender differences and wage effects of different types of work absence.
Conditional on men and women being highly attached, we do find striking differences in the effects of different types of work absence on wages estimated by a fixed-effects model.
The emphasis is on the estimation of the short- and long-term effects of different types of work absence.
In this study, we explore the wage effects of different types of work absence varying across gender in an integrated framework.
The analysis distinguishes different types of career absence: unemployment, maternity leave for female workers, compulsory service for male workers and other non-work spells.
The data that we use allow us to distinguish different types of career absence: unemployment, maternity leave for female workers, compulsory service for male workers, and an additional residual group of other non-work spells.
However, the social gradient was quite different for different types of sickness absence.
In rural Bangladesh, Shenk et al. (2013) tested the effects of different types of father absence: divorce/deserted, death, and migrant work (making these fathers at least partly absent).
