(6) Tumor subtypes: module alteration patterns, and possibly module structure is likely to differ between different tumor subtypes, such as the EGFR, PDFGRA and NF1 subtypes of GBM.
The obvious next steps for GWA studies are to address different migraine subtypes (such as migraine without aura) and from different recruitment settings (such as population-based, instead of clinic based migraine cases).
Studies have also revealed differences in histological and clinical manifestation between different molecular subtypes, such as therapeutic response and prognosis.
Although training and test sets included different disease subtypes such as MEN2A (n = 40), MEN2B (n = 3), FMTC (n = 5), MEN2A and FMTC (n = 36) - class labels of "pathogenic" and "benign" were used to describe all curated disease association.
A subset of the meta-gene-list was also used as a classifier to accurately predict different molecular subtypes, such as luminal/basal and ER+/ER- based on microarray datasets in which patient subtype classification was available [ 7, 8].
It would be desirable to extend these techniques to define different tumour subtypes such as DCIS, luminal or TNBC non-invasively (which may identify mixed lesions missed by homogenised or limited sample analyses) and assess heterogeneity between metastases.
Furthermore, by learning classification models from subtle image features, it may be possible to distinguish between different Parkinsonian syndrome subtypes, such as multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from (I123 FP-CIT data.
We know that T cells are involved in regulating the pathology of MS. However, the precise roles of different T helper (Th) cell subtypes (such as Th17 cells and regulatory T cells) and how these cells are themselves regulated is not very clear.
The fact that C. hominis from different areas may have an identical GP60 subtype but a different MLST subtype is also noteworthy, as some C. hominis subtypes, such as IbA10G2, are commonly associated with water-borne outbreaks in industrialized countries.
Although it is meaningful to categorize crimes into different types, for example violence and property crime, or into more detailed subtypes such as robbery and burglary, a general analysis on crime as a whole is also necessary.
