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Perceived arbitrariness, such as when misdemeanor defendants with substantively identical cases receive wildly different sanctions.
In an interview, Ms. Rice said "different sanctions" were considered at different points.
Congress, however, previously enacted the Immigration Reform and Control Act, which imposes different sanctions on employers for hiring illegal immigrants.
We've had four different sanctions at the U.N. on Iran, three from the Bush administration, one here.
We advanced by adopting different sanctions, and we have to continue to send very firm messages and positions.
This paper analyzes optimal punishment schemes in a two period model, where the social planner announces possibly different sanctions for offenders based on their detection history.
Similar(47)
The different sanction strategies of the welfare agencies as well as the differences in the frequency with which sanctions are actually imposed are used to instrument the selection process at the individual level and to estimate local average treatment effects (LATE, see Imbens and Angrist (1994)).
Any time you take two different sanctioning bodies and merge them together it's going to take time, it will take a lot of effort and so far we have been pleased at how far everything has advanced".
Drawing on a dataset of officially reported sanctions from 1938 onwards, we find that energy sanctions were particularly frequent between 1973 and 2002, with key senders being the US, Russia, and the UN, each using different sanction regimes, goals, and measures.
For example, Lalive et al. (2005) report different sanction intensities across Swiss cantons.
The middle part of Table 3 clearly shows that agencies with different sanction strategies are quite similar with respect to the composition of their clients.
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