The model contains the following 27 states in total for each strand, three each of, corresponding to the different reading frames, and one each of.
Our previous studies suggested that the main contribution of Ds exonization to gene diversity is, based on a single transposition event, providing different splice donors for different reading frames rather than providing genetic messages (Huang et al., 2012).
The genomic fragment was cloned into a vector containing RFP and EGFP in tandem with different reading frames [21].
In the original GOS study, ORFs that overlap with other more protein-like ORFs on different reading frames were detected and called shadow ORFs [2].
We also generated a variety of Entry vectors that encode epitope tags at their N-terminus (GFP, V5, FLAG) or C-terminus (GFP, V5-His) in different reading frames to facilitate detection of the proteins of interest.
It encodes two proteins in different reading frames: p16INK4A and p14ARF, which both have 3 exons and share exons 2 and 3. CDKN2B (p15INK4B) and MTAP (methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) (not shown) are centromeric and telomeric neighboring genes respectively [3], [17], [33], [34].
Finally, the results of this study corroborate numerous other studies indicating that a substantial fraction of the proteome may consist of multiple peptides and proteins that are encoded by individual mRNAs, both from the same and different reading frames [45], [46].
The FGFR2 genomic region spanning from exon 7 to exon 10 from mouse genomic DNA was amplified by PCR and cloned into Gateway Destination vector (Invitrogen), carrying both EGFP (Clontech) and mRFP [38] with different reading frames, under the control of the CAGGS promoter.
