Yet, this picture might simply reflect that the effects of IL-6 are conveyed via two different pathways (with possibly different actions), i.e., in addition to the 'classical' signaling pathway via the membrane bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), IL-6 stimulates cells through the alternative 'trans-signaling' pathway via the soluble IL-6R.
If such pathways are of critical importance it is possible that the control of organ specificity of cancer development occurs at a different level with different pathways having different roles in different organs.
This difference in mechanism suggested that these two agents likely triggered different cell death pathways, with different effects on oxidative stress.
This further emphasizes the need to confirm the activation of different neuronal pathways with different types of seizures by the help of additional molecular studies on receptor level.
In this section, we show that using different λ, the importance values generated by the k diverse paths algorithm can identify different potential regulatory pathways with different functions.
There exist different specific MAPK signalling pathways with different functions, for example ERK1/2, p38 or JNK, with different topologies and characteristics.
We discuss whether these discrepancies are based either on inhibition from high-osmolarity sensors upon specifically the reflexive pathways or whether different sensory pathways, with different effective dose response characteristics, may have preferential access to drive either reflex responses or modulatory neurons mediating internal reinforcement, respectively.
Alternatively, we suggest that this dissociation is based on a dissociation already at the sensory level, such that different sensory pathways, with different effective dose response characteristics, may have preferential access to either reflex pathways or to modulatory neurons mediating internal reinforcement.
(ii) When merging the same pathways with different levels of emphases in different databases, if we have already merged one detailed-level pathway into a general-level pathway, all other related detailed-level pathways in the databases should be merged into this general-level pathway.
IPCC-SRES storylines were designed to represent different socioeconomic development pathways, with the assumption of different driving forces such as energy sector, population growth, technological innovation, economic growth, environmental protection, and regional/global orientation [28] (Table 1).
Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α activate different signalling pathways with divergent results and different time-courses in gastric endocrine and parietal cells [ 37, 38, 43- 46].
