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We have designed experiments and measured three different levels of variations, starting with the same membrane protein preparation, the same batch of cells and three batches of cells from the same cell line grown under the same conditions, respectively.
We randomly selected four images (first row of Fig. 2a and second rows of Fig. 2b d) that have different levels of variations in their scales, rotations, noise levels and cell distributions.
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Importantly, RT-PCR verification was performed for 37 AS events showing different levels of variation (from no variation to >25% difference in inclusion levels in any or both tissues).
We apply this test to examine differences between autosomal and Y chromosome loci, to test whether these loci have different levels of variation.
Whistles show different levels of variation that allow not only species and population recognition (class-I songs) but also individual recognition (class-II songs) [7].
Using this comparative approach, different levels of variation among duplicates were identified among the 47 tandem arrays studied, reflecting various evolutionary dynamics.
Charlesworth (1998) suggested that FST can be inflated when diversity is low, arguing that FST might not be appropriate for comparing loci with substantially different levels of variation.
Under neutrality, there are at least two possible mechanisms by means of which different levels of variation and LD can be attained along a duplicated sequence: nonhomogeneous distribution of IGC events and nonhomogeneous distribution of crossover junctions.
It can first be noted that results for the IDA method are identical for different levels of variation σ; this is due to the fact that it operates on sufficient statistics (correlation matrices) rather than on the data themselves.
This difference was then divided by the average homozygous non-reference allele SNP density for the bin to yield a relative measure that can be compared between bins with different levels of variation.
As for genomic elements, they also present different levels of variation (supplementary tables S1.3 and S1.4, Supplementary Material online, and a more detailed description in supplementary material S5, Supplementary Material online).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com