The desired quality is different from the perceived quality because it does not represent the daily experiences of the users, but rather what they desire, hope for or expect from their public transport system.
In summer, we have more options on Martha's Vineyard, but some years back the year-round population (which is a demographic significantly different from the perceived demographic most mainlanders conjure up based on the publicity generated around summer visitors) voted to prevent fast food restaurants from getting a foothold on the island.
We hypothesized that if the audiovisual tau effect occurred in infancy then infants would preferentially look at the flash array with spatial intervals that would be expected to be different from the perceived spatial intervals between flashes they were exposed to in the familiarization phase.
Alternatively, it may reflect a rather norm-desiring culture that seeks harmony between motives (preference) and reasons (perception of norm) or a social desirability bias (a low inclination to express a preference that is different from the perceived norm).
However, a careful taxonomic analysis by Castillejo (1997, 1998) confirmed by genetic studies (Quinteiro et al. 2005; Colomba et al. 2007) has shown that A. lusitanicus as described by Mabille (1868) is endemic to Portugal and specifically different from the perceived invasor.
Expressed needs are what a group or an individual articulate and express as their learning needs (what the students say they want to learn), which can be different from the perceived needs if there are some barriers for their expression [ 7].
The Jamaican study also concurred with international studies which concluded that children who are at risk of being bullied include those who are perceived as different from their peers; perceived as weak or unable to defend themselves; depressed; anxious or have low self-esteem; less popular than others and have few friends, and those who do not get along well with others.
However, another view is that discriminating between performed and imagined actions might, phenomenologically, be very different from distinguishing perceived from imagined stimuli.
Previous work in self-efficacy has consistently found that diabetes self-care behaviours are task specific or independent of one another, for example, an individuals' perceived capability to take their medication may be different from their perceived capability of testing their blood sugar [ 32].
