The 3D scene of the garden is characterised by a large amount of spatial and visual information, which is located at different distances from the observer.
If there are two points at different distances from the observer that project to the same retinal location, a translation of the observer results in the closer point having larger retinal velocity than the farther point (assuming the eyes remain still).
This is reconciled by the fact that the crew's perception of time is different from the stationary observer's; what seems like seconds to the crew might be hundreds of years to the stationary observer.
Different from the traditional observer used for FD, the proposed MRO outputs the fault-related partial state estimate as soon as any a sensor measurement is received, resulting in fast and computation-effective FD.
In the case where the actors received different tones from the observers, this would impact performance and how accuracy is judged.
In our hypothesis we expected that if the actors received different tones from the observers, this would impact the way accuracy is judged.
Event-based scoring was performed by a trained observer (typically different from the original 'live' observer) in parallel to automated acquisition, by watching the video playback and entering behavioral events using customized keystrokes.
Different from the semi-global observers, the new observers are designed with two, instead of one, homogeneous terms.
Different from the conventional fault detection observer schemes, where all premise variables of the observer are the estimations of the premise variables in the fuzzy systems, the proposed method can take full advantage of the partly measurable premise variables for achieving a better fault detection performance.
With probability (1− θ)[1−1/(M−1)] pout(r ′ ) pout(r ′′ ), the recipient belongs to a group different from the donor's and observer's groups, and has reputation r ′ and r ′′ in the eyes of the donor and observer, respectively).
