Sentence examples for different classes of mutations from inspiring English sources

In addition, we paint a broad picture of the genetic landscape of the species by functionally annotating different classes of mutations with a well-established prediction tool (PolyPhen-2).

Determining the distinct biological consequences of different classes of mutations may improve accuracy of prognoses and guide genetic and reproductive counseling decisions based on genotype/phenotype information.

However, future studies of epistatic interactions might systematically compare mixing ability between different classes of mutations, such as those affecting protein structures and regulatory domains.

Different classes of mutations (single codon nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations and splice site mutations that result in use of out-of-frame cryptic splice sites) can all lead to activation of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway (6).

In this study, we have determined the frequency of five different classes of mutations (transversions, transitions, SHRs; transpositions and frame-shift mutations (a measure of microsatellite instability [ 31]) in Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to four different strains of A. tumefaciens (Table  1), E.coli, and heat-killed versions of the wild-type strains of A. tumefaciens and E.coli.

Nevertheless, several groups have demonstrated the efficacy of single-cell NGS to detect different classes of mutation.

Finally, we explored associations between different classes of KRAS mutations and survival outcomes, examining associations with specific mutations evident in ⩾5% of cases, and, more generally, with codon 12 mutations and codon 13 mutations separately; differences in codon-specific associations were evaluated via tests for heterogeneity.

To gain insight into the evolutionary relationship among tumor cell subpopulations, we constructed neighbor-joining trees using different classes of somatic mutations (SNV, indel, SV, and CNA).

The substitution spectra for wild-type and MMR-deficient lines (Fig.  2) differed substantially, demonstrating that the MMR system corrects different classes of pre-mutations with different efficiencies.

Together our findings define distinct neurological outcomes, disease processes, and modes of inheritance arising from different classes of CHT mutation and provide invaluable insight into the biological role of CHT as well as NMJ dysfunction.

We show herein that the ultimate probabilities of the different classes of codon mutation are complicated, nonlinear functions of the Taq misincorporation probabilities.