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However, tremendous variation likely exists among programs in their capacity to retain genetic diversity over the longer-term because: (i) adopted procedures for maintaining high Nb/ N or Ne/ N ratios in captivity vary among programs and (ii) Nb/ Ne estimates of different captive broodstocks vary widely and are sometimes small.
Nothobranchius furzeri represents an emerging model for ageing research and different captive strains of N. furzeri of different geographic origin show large differences in captive lifespan and senescence rates [ 67].
This information is therefore highly relevant when weighing the relative risks of different captive rearing strategies.
Since the current study also included apes from two different captive populations (zoo and sanctuary), we investigated whether the origin of the apes had an effect on performance.
We suggest that future studies in the same framework should employ a denser set of markers genotyped in a larger number of strains with different captive breeding backgrounds.
Determining the impact of different captive rearing approaches on population productivity in species of conservation interest is central to measuring their success, but empirical studies on such species are usually constrained by the natural systems in which they operate.
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We were able to arrange the release of all of the different captives with the exception of the one that was killed, so, yes, from our perspective it ended up successfully in that there was only one casualty that we didn't add to the number of hostages that were already being held and they didn't mix.
Nevertheless, using genotypic pedigree information to examine the representation of different captive-reared families in returning breeders, Hedrick et al. (2000a) were able to show that the numbers of returning individuals were within 93.6% and 78.2% of expected values.
As the most predominant phylum, the relative abundance of Firmicutes (77.624%) in wild sika deer was significantly different than captive group (50.710%, P < 0.001).
For instance, two studies presented reasonable tests of the hypothesis that male plumage colour in blue tits signals potential aggression towards conspecific males [ 18, 19], but they did so with dramatically different methods (captive versus wild, response to live threats versus taxidermic mounts, different measurements of aggression, and so on).
Araki et al. (2007c) avoided this problem by comparing the reproductive success of captive-reared individuals with different histories of captive breeding in the previous generation.
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