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In contrast, other families show discrete groups of copies inserted at the same date such as Tvv1 (recent, 3 and 7 Mya) or Noble (recent and 0.5 Mya) possibly reflecting different bursts of amplification.
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Transposable elements (TEs) shape genome evolution through periodic bursts of amplification.
Many lineages include characteristic retrotransposons; bursts of amplification of these transposons have led to considerable expansion of genome size.
We show that LTR retrotransposons have undergone bursts of amplification within the past 5 My.
In terms of magnitude, some families, such as Hopi/Osr27, Osr30 or Houba/Osr13, have undergone large bursts of amplification, involving over 350, 100 and 80 copies per burst, respectively.
Some families, such as Dagul or Houba/Osr13, seem to have undergone several bursts of amplification, since several peaks are noticeable.
This suggests that no evident bursts of amplification occurred in either of the identified copia-type families after the divergence of the five lines.
Moreover, TEs can undergo broad bursts of amplification in a lineage specific way, potentially leading to speciation as suggested in Primates [ 16].
Bursts of amplifications seem to have repeatedly occurred in the history of some genomes, and reflect periods when TEs escaped from epigenetic control [ 81].
These differences warrant further investigation to determine if recombination, nucleotide divergence or a specific burst of amplification can explain this pattern.
Compared to the CfERV-Fc1, this cluster does not seem to have undergone a burst of amplification based on the variation in integration times estimated from LTR divergence.
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