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Biology makes it plain that there are no differences in traits between races.
When comparing primate suborders, we found only weak evidence for differences in traits between haplorhines and strepsirrhines, and including suborder in the statistical models did not affect our conclusions or give compelling evidence for different effects in haplorhines and strepsirrhines.
We emphasize, therefore, that for annuals the time-limitation hypothesis provides a more parsimonious explanation for the differences in traits between selfers and outcrossers.
Given the pervasiveness of latitudinal clines, we asked how excluding latitude influenced estimated differences in traits between native versus introduced ranges.
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We found consistent differences in trait variability between the two regions in several species.
Differences in trait means between invaded and uninvaded populations are interpreted as evidence consistent with evolution in response to invasion, and increased tolerance and/or competitive effect on B. tectorum in invaded areas supports the hypothesis that this evolution is adaptive.
Items with large DIF effects and mean differences in trait level between groups limit the effectiveness of matching, as has been observed in previous DIF studies [ 50- 53].
Finally, differences in trait means between base groups can only be detected if there is enough variation in base group contributions within the training set (Calib).
To test for significant differences in trait means between life history classes and to determine the overall significance of life history classification on each trait, a single factor ANOVA was conducted.
The most likely reasons are that fertility had a low genetic correlation (in part due to differences in trait definitions) between countries and that reliability of DRP was much lower in the EuroGenomics data than in the national data.
In contrast, species ranking in LDMC and plant height was also consistent, probably due to great differences in trait values between species buffering against the differential effects of resource availability dependent on functional group identity or growth statures.
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