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To confirm that any differences in DNA recovery observed were due to the higher drying rate and not differences in the swab materials, an experiment was performed at Eurofins Medigenomix GmbH, Ebersberg, Germany, to compare the influence of the different swab head materials on DNA release.
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Comparison of the results of all the above-mentioned studies with our current evaluation is not easy because of differences in the study design: swab type, body site sampled, direct inoculation versus prior homogenization in saline or broth, incubation time, use or not of broth enrichment, and, most importantly, the nature of the test chosen as the gold standard.
Despite the marked differences in uterine swab PMN percentage, neither the BCS nor the blood concentrations of most biomarkers differed between healthy cows and those with SCE.
These may have been true differences between centers or the result of differences in the methods of swabbing, plating, and laboratory procedures.
Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of HPV swabs from the newborns and the cervical/buccal smears of their mothers were found (p < 0.001).
The difference in the outcome can hardly be due to the barrier disruption method, as only a slight variation exists in the application method (differences in cotton swabs and cotton balls).
However, differences in the type of specimens (urine or swabs) and if applicable, how the specimens were stored may contribute to these differences in prevalence [ 12].
The corresponding differences in the O1s XP spectra before and after swabbing with the microemulsion were less distinct (Figure 2A).
Two-way repeated measures (RM) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine statistical differences in the level of infection in the cervical-vaginal swabs (log 10 transformation).
There was no observable difference in detection whether the swab was removed prior to transport or left in the vial.
No differences in the bacterial loads were observed, with or without antibiotic use, in swabs taken at a diagnosis of AOM or AOMwiP.
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