The heart rate remained high after spawning only in females, demonstrating clear a sex difference in the spawning behavior of salmonids (Fig. 2C).
Despite these differences in the timing of spawning, relative common spawning periods between both genders were observed on the Mutriku coast (i.e., early summer in the first studied year and from spring to late summer in the following year).
Contrasts between lakes, subdrainages, and geographic distance dominated large-scale differentiation, whereas differences in the timing of spawning linked to discrete spawning habitat dominated fine-scale (intralake) differentiation.
Yet there were no differences in the mean start date for spawning or the initiation of migration between the behavioral types within a region (F1,61≤2.20; P≥0.14).
Reproductive isolation of the lineages, leading to heterozygote deficiency, could result from differences in the timing and frequency of spawning events [ 46, 62, 63].
Killifish that are spawned early (April) develop under thermal regimes and periods of marsh access that differ from those spawned late (September), leading to large differences in the mass that could be achieved by the next spawning season.
To facilitate the presentation of our results, we calculate Sdiff, the difference in S between actual and potential spawners, each of which is corrected for differences in mean spawner body size in the absence of fishing (μ(0)), and designated SA* and SP*s respectively.
Only the spawned egg stage shows significant differences in the GO content in comparison to the overall EST collection.
To evaluate whether adult migration timing was maintained under natural spawning and rearing conditions, differences in the upstream migration date of hatchery, wild, and unassigned individuals were tested using anova.
Despite being captured together on the same spawning grounds, we show the behavioral types seem reproductively isolated by fine-scale differences in spawning habitat selection, primarily depth.
