Moreover, the significant difference between the distribution of molecular variance among and within native vs. introduced populations and the difference in the fixation index (φST; Table 2) support the hypothesis of a difference in population structure, with predominant to exclusive clonal reproduction in the introduced area.
To determine the magnitude of the fixation biases across cultures, for each observer we extracted the average of the Z-scored values within the areas showing significant differences in the differential fixation maps (i.e., average Z-scored fixation duration of the eye and nose regions per observer).
Due to the inherent differences in these fixation methods, these techniques were analysed separately.
East Asians fixated the eye region (2° and 5°) and partially the mouth (5°) when the Spotlight constrained the available information, similarly to Westerners, as revealed by the absence of significant differences in the differential fixation maps (i.e., WC - EA Z-scored group fixation maps) for those conditions.
Statistical analyses were performed to assess the differences in the 2 fixation types between and within each group at different time intervals.
Just as in the previous section regarding response time under different pairing conditions, we further divided the "stranger's voice" condition into other voices similar to the listener's voice and other voices dissimilar to the listener's voice, and investigated differences in the visual fixation of the participants.
The physiological differences in the CO2 fixation during photosynthesis resulted in differences in the δ13C levels in C3 and C4 plants, which are used as a proxy to differentiate plant-derived organic matter sources in coastal ecosystems (Lamb et al. 2006).
Furthermore, there are extremely large differences in the mean fixation durations being reported across the 3 participants (from 217 to 516 ms).
A comparison of our algorithm to an alternative that uses a single (velocity-based) threshold per task revealed that the average differences in the number of fixations, fixation durations, and saccade sizes are relatively small.
We found no significant difference in the scleral fixation group and nonscleral fixation group in our case series.
