As the ICC value approaches 1.0, the variability in scores between abstracts can be attributed to actual differences in the abstracts themselves[ 11].
No overall sex differences for the abstract reasoning subtest were observed in this analysis.
We searched for eligible meta-analyses published between 1 January 2007 and 1 January 2010 in the Cochrane database of systematic reviews using a previous search strategy 13: "standardised mean difference" OR "standardized mean difference" OR SMD OROR "effect size" OR "mean difference" in the title, abstract, or keywords.
In particular, this study adopts a multiple mediation approach to examine whether perceived message clarity and perceived CSR vary by cultural difference in response to the abstract vs. concrete messages, which may subsequently influence attitudes toward the company and purchase intention (Kim et al. 2010; Lin et al. 2011; Stanaland et al. 2011; Tian et al. 2011).
Due to significant differences in the task (e.g., abstracts vs. full texts) and evaluation settings (e.g., exact vs. partial match), these results are not directly comparable to ours.
The rationale and differences had to be detailed in the abstract.
But there is a difference between knowing it exists in the abstract and confronting the cold, blunt accounting seeing the cars and tuition it buys, realizing the land that was seized to pay for it, and working out how those funds might have been used for better health care or education.
But there is a difference between knowing it exists in the abstract and confronting the cold, blunt accounting — seeing the cars and tuition it buys, realizing the land that was seized to pay for it, and working out how those funds might have been used for better health care or education.
The key here is that students are not learning about cultural differences in an abstract way or vicariously through a case study; rather, they are experiencing it in reality, awkward silences and all.
The two measures that detected group differences in the problem gamblers both involved abstract points reinforcement, and some degree of resemblance to real-life gambling.
Although inclusion of conference papers might reduce publication bias, there may be differences in the results reported in conference abstracts and subsequent publications [ 23].
