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In addition, all models indicated that the amount of PD differed between tracks, in that school track differences in proficiency were slightly reduced when PD was accounted for.
This study aims to ascertain the skills and competency levels of hospital managers in South Africa as determined by self assessment, and to find out whether there are any significant differences in proficiency levels between managers in the different sectors.
Next, we investigated whether PD affects the estimation of group differences in proficiency.
We also investigated whether accounting for PD would affect the estimation of group differences in proficiency.
As a consequence, accounting for PD was expected to result in smaller group differences in proficiency between both school tracks.
However, the question of whether all models lead to a similar reduction in group differences in proficiency remained open.
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In addition, we examined whether accounting for group differences in PD affected the results of the group comparisons of students' proficiencies, and whether the mixture models envisaged differed in their estimates of group differences in proficiencies.
Nevertheless, in other settings, where group differences in proficiencies are smaller, the adjustments provided by the mixture PD models might lead to qualitatively different conclusions.
The models were extended to accommodate multiple groups, thereby making it possible to examine and test group differences in PD, and to adjust group differences in proficiencies for PD.
In order to study various within- and between-country-differences in proficiency patterns we classified a 10 point within-profile difference in achievement between domains as substantial.
Power ranged from 63.8 to 81.4% depending on sample size and mean difference in proficiency between groups.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com