While some studies report no difference between monitor generations [ 14, 19, 21, 23, 25], others urges for caution when comparing data assessed by different monitor generations due to differences in outputs [ 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 25].
The plant managers had identified that there were differences in outputs between shifts and were beginning to wonder whether hitherto unidentified actions of operators were making the difference.
They indicate Russia's economy declined 0.5percentt in the second quarter compared with the first quarter, if adjusted for typically seasonal differences in output, which are extreme in Russia because of the harsh winters.
Because the differences in rewards exceed the differences in output, there is a disproportionate incentive to "win".
This is lower compared to previous findings indicating that years of schooling account for around 10% of cross-country differences in output per worker.
Steglich-Petersen (2013b) suggests that for belief formation to be guided by, for instance, the truth rule the existence of a causal mechanism by means of which relevant differences in output beliefs are effected is sufficient.
Schoellman (2012) demonstrated that cross-country differences in education quality are as important as cross-country differences in the quantity of schooling in accounting for differences in output per worker across countries.
Further, when comparing microarray to traditional plate-based screens both overlapping and distinct results were obtained, which is a novel technical finding, with discrepancies between the two approaches explained by differences in output measurements (DNA content versus cell mass).
These analyses were conducted in a posterior fashion (as opposed to a priori hypothesis), and their purpose was exploratory: to identify the categories of variables that are associated with differences in output quality.
Tiny differences in the input were magnified by the system to yield enormous differences in output, a phenomenon known to mathematicians as sensitive dependence to initial conditions, and to the general public as the butterfly principle, thanks to James Gleick's bestseller Chaos (1988).
However, the existing evidence suggest that both effects play an important role in explaining observed differences in output across variable and fixed remuneration schemes [ 11, 28- 30].
