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The president of Harvard recently stirred up a storm of protest by speculating that differences in aptitude, rather than discrimination, may explain why fewer women achieve excellence in science.
I'd be truly convinced only by data that show significant differences in aptitude between boys and girls at age 3 or 4, when they've had less opportunity to be affected by our (potentially still-biased) educational system.
But given all the progress made in math by girls, who now take more math and science classes than boys and get better grades, Dr. Ceci and Dr. Williams say that differences in aptitude are not the primary cause of the gender gap in academic science.
These biological differences in aptitude do not mean that individuals with a knack for languages can just move to Japan and passively await fluency.
As long as human capital accumulation before primary school is related to parents' education and wealth, this finding suggests that differences in aptitude test scores are mostly created at primary school.
In this study, the contribution of genetic influences on individual differences in aptitude and talent was investigated.
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It is possible that individual differences in aptitudes and talents are associated with IQ and that part of the heritability is shared with genetic influences on IQ.
The difference in aptitude test scores, as well as in the likelihood of college admission, created by the minimum-age rule is much greater for boys than for girls.
They find consistent evidence for biological differences in math aptitude, particularly in males' advantage in spatial ability and in their disproportionate presence at the extreme ends of the distribution curve on math tests (the topic of last week's column).
Ms. Rosser was one of the speakers at a conference in January 2005, where Mr. Summers said that differences in "intrinsic aptitude" between men and women were more important than cultural factors and discrimination in explaining why fewer women succeeded in the sciences.
These differences existed when controlling for differences in cognitive aptitude, gender, and the presence of conduct disorder.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com