Because the intrauterine environment of MZ twins can differ, it is possible that intrauterine differences contribute to differences in epigenetic states (Box 2).
However, the ability of the VHH B11 antibody to detect differences between cell walls of closely related Chlorophyceans from different environments points to the usefulness of camelid antibodies and monoclonal antibodies in helping to define specific differences in cell wall composition between different algae and determining how these differences contribute to ecological adaptation.
For example, Garrett and Rosenthal showed that editing in an octopus delayed rectifier potassium channel transcript correlates with ambient water temperature for different species, and even suggest that editing differences contribute to octopus adaptation [ 20].
Therefore, though these toxins operate in similar ways, comparison of two serotypes has revealed marked differences in their responses to the factors that trigger translocation, raising the possibility that these differences contribute to the distinct translocation rates of different serotypes.
Specific DNA methylation patterns differ among tissues and cell types, and these differences contribute to establishing the cells' epigenetic landscape and transcriptional programs and defining cellular identity (Bernstein et al. 2007).
Moreover, although it has been shown that certain human diseases may have evolutionary epigenetic origins [ 11, 12], it remains largely unknown how patterns of DNA methylation differ between closely related species and whether such differences contribute to species-specific phenotypes [ 11].
In longitudinal section, the differences contribute to the patterns distinguishable in apices, some of which have been used as bases for structural classification.
Similarly, racial or religious differences contribute to linguistic differentiation because contact between members of one faith or race and those of another within the same area is very often much more superficial and less frequent than contact between members of the same racial or religious group.
These differences contribute dissimilarly to interfacial rheological behavior.
Racial and ethnic differences contribute to the incidence, characteristics, and histological distribution of prepubertal testicular germ cell tumors (PTGCTs).
There is ongoing debate as to whether "innate" cognitive sex differences contribute to the underrepresentation of women in science and engineering careers.
