Nevertheless, 78% of responders, with no differences between the smoker and the nonsmoker groups, responded that the harmful effects of smoking had been discussed in the family.
There was no significant difference between the smokers and the group of non-smokers in respect of mean age (smokers first: 36.6 (standard error 2.4) years; 34.9 (2.6) years) or gender (five men and six women; eight men and 10 women).
However, there was no statistically significant difference between the smokers and non-smokers on the statements "encouraging to quit smoking" and "encouraging to think about their smoking habit" (p = .370 and p = .163 respectively) (Table 5).
This difference between the COPD groups and the non-COPD groups reached statistical significance (P = 0.039), though there was less difference between the smokers and non-smokers combining COPD and non-COPD (mean score 1.90 vs 1.35; P = 0.46 vs P = 0.77).
When SP-D was corrected for phospholipids, the difference between the never smokers and the smokers was not significant.
Thus, the differences in survival rates between female and male smokers of the highest and lowest social classes were only 5% and 6% respectively, whereas the differences between smokers and never smokers of the same sex and social class ranged from 16%to28%8% (table 5 and fig 2).
Among the allergic participants, the difference between the current smokers and non-smokers was close to significant (p=0.06); although values in the ex-smokers cannot be compared because of the small size of the subgroup (only 3 participants), they were similar to those of the smokers (figure 2).
Column 3 of Table 4 presents the differences between smokers and non-smokers in the potential gains in LE according to each of three major smoking-related diseases and columns 4 and 5 show the results of decomposition of these differences, which correspond to the first term and second terms in equation (2).
We did not see a difference between the non-smokers and smokers in the bacteria cultured from the initial sinonasal swab nor the resultant bacteria of the biofilm cultures with the exception of one E.coli isolate.
Multiple logistic regression were performed to test the observed differences between smokers and non-smoker in -awareness of health warnings on the side and back of packages and -perceived effectiveness of pictorial health warnings as compared to text-only warnings.
