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Colored lines are differences between the learner map and the goal map.
Cognitive conflict means a conflict caused from the differences between the learner's existing beliefs and correct knowledge.
The perturbation is a projection of the mistake types made by learners; in the expressions of perturbation, the perturbation operators expressing differences between the learner's erroneous and correctness knowledge are used.
Similar(57)
In its current state group work and collective learning is mostly as unorganised activity, which highlights the differences between the learners instead of utilising the different competences and interests as a resource.
Results obtained from the analysis reveal differences between the learners and the native speakers in the repertoire of mitigating devices and indirect speech strategies employed by each group.
The results revealed no significant difference between the learners' peer assessment and teacher assessment.
The results of this study revealed no significant difference between the learners' peer assessment and teachers' assessment.
T-test analysis showed a significant difference between the learners' preferences in two methods of CF. Recast and Metalinguistic feedback were better rated by the students who reported higher levels of anxiety in oral communication classes.
However, as we show in Table 2, T-test analysis showed a significant difference between the learners' preferences only in two methods of CF: Recast and Metalinguistic feedback, which were better rated by students who reported higher levels of anxiety in oral communication classes.
Despite similar auditory experiences, the central auditory systems of individuals appear more or less responsive to listening experience and such heterogeneity might be informative when probing the differences between learners and non-learners who undergo various types of auditory training exercises [9].
The findings showed no significant difference between the L2 learners' performance regarding the translation tests.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com