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This latter involves minimizing the sum of squared differences between the fitted line and the data points in the -direction.
( {upvarepsilon}_{{Delta mathrm{N}}_1^{mathrm{p}}left(mathrm{k}right)} ) and ( {upvarepsilon}_{{Delta mathrm{N}}_2^{mathrm{p}}left(mathrm{k}right)} ) can be defined as the differences between the fitted cycle slips and the true cycle slips, as shown in Eq. (28).
Note that normally distributed residuals can be thought of as having infinite degrees of freedom, and in this case there were no differences between the fitted models.
Patient differences between the fitted model and actual data were categorised by stage and treatment for both the Cox and log-normal models.
For example, in linear regression, parameters are chosen such that the sum of the squared differences between the fitted and the measured values of the response variable at each data point is minimized.
Ideally, an acceptable fit shows relatively small differences between the fitted and the observed data, presenting no trends in residual error, and includes a small number of model parameters (a model with no more than three parameters is recommended (2)).
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Figure 7(c) shows the fitting error as a standard deviation of the difference between the fitted Gaussian functions and the observed counts in percent of the peak counts.
The difference between the fitted lines is used as a performance metric for these criteria.
For efficient segmentation, Zhang et al. [16] utilized the local image information and proposed a LIF energy functional by minimizing the difference between the fitted image and the original image.
Besides, the RSF model uses L 2 norm to measure the difference between the fitted image and the original image; thus, it is not suitable for images with Poisson noise.
The difference between the fitted (and emergent) and the observed wind speed distributions should therefore be small: less than about 1 % for mean power density (which is used for the Weibull fitting) and less than a few per cent for mean wind speed [24].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com