Sentence examples for differences between the emotions from inspiring English sources
Paired-sampled t-tests confirmed significant differences between the emotions that participants felt in response to an excerpt with that which they believed the music was intended to convey, with respect to both valence (t(235) = 2.46, p<.01), and arousal (t(235) = 11.96, p<.001).
There was a significant interaction between emotion and behavioural expression/body activity features for both British English (F (33, 99) = 8.83, p < 0.01) and Polish (F (33, 132) = 7.14, p < 0.01), showing that the differences between the emotions were therefore dependent on the behavioural expression/body activity features for both languages.
But there is a curious difference between the emotions that drive commenting behavior compared to voting behavior.
There is a difference between the emotion expressed in the face and the general emotional state of the speaker.
Perhaps we should leave the verbalization of felt versus perceived emotions to poets and philosophers (if, in fact, there actually is a discernible difference between the two emotions, which is arguable).
Significant differences between the British English emotions (Table 1) are shown by superscripted letters to the right of the means that denote each of the emotions as follows: sadness = S, joy = J, fear = F and anger = A; and similarly for the Polish means (Table 2) as follows: smutek = Sm, radość = R, strach = St, złość = Z and gniew = G.
There is only one significant difference between these emotions (jaw dropped is higher in joy), which shows that joy (mean: 6.42) might entail relatively more surprise (Table 4) relative to radość (mean: 3.81); however, neither emotion has an extreme rating on this feature.
Philosophers, for their part, have devoted a good deal of attention to the analysis of more subtle differences between "higher" emotions.
Taken together, these differences between the 2 classes of positive emotions may provide a neural basis for different kinds of pleasure evoked by music, adding support to a distinction between "fun" (positive valence/high arousal) and "bliss" (positive valence/low arousal), as also proposed by others (Koelsch 2010; Koelsch et al. 2010).
One problem with this theory is that it is unable to give an adequate account of the differences between emotions.
In the later part of his career he wrote books looking at international relations, war, and the differences between races on emotions.
