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Therefore, inability to control for the differences between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged populations may lead to biased estimates.
The community-level variance was unchanged from model 2 and still significant (τ = 0.103, p = 0.043), indicating clustering of mothers of children with similar risk factors within disadvantaged communities, and also implying a contextual effect that persisted after having accounted for relevant differences between disadvantaged neighborhoods in the characteristics of individual residents.
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The World Bank believes that health inequality is mainly reflected in some existing differences between advantaged and disadvantaged social groups, such as lower income, fewer medical insurance benefits, and worse living conditions for the latter, rather than only differences in preferences.
However, it is possible that inclusion of adherence in the model in our study was merely a reflection of quitting given that clients who relapse would tend to stop taking medication and attending sessions; this would imply that adherence differences may be masking underlying reasons for the difference in quit rates between disadvantaged and more affluent smokers.
That's consistent with the idea that the current party affiliation differences between age groups has disadvantaged Democrats in midterm elections, while the differences in turnout by different racial groups likely don't have much of an effect.
This provides new and unique information on the differences between smokers from socially disadvantaged groups who agree or decline consent to participate in a smoking cessation trial.
This quantifies the absolute or relative difference in a health measure between disadvantaged and advantaged groups (25).
We want to compare the difference in number of visits between disadvantaged areas and the rest of the Stockholm County between 2007 and 2011.
This pattern of differences between the most and least disadvantaged areas was observed in all age groups and more marked in female (70.96-59.78%) than in male (68.54-60.86%) populations.
Housing tenure differences appearing more marked than educational differences may suggest that it is material factors that are more important in hindering smoking cessation rather than human capital, cognitive or acquired skill differences between more affluent and more disadvantaged groups.
Although, for all age and sex groups, prevalence of multimorbidity is higher in unfavourable socioeconomic environments, the patterns are different in male and female populations, with the differences between the most and the least disadvantaged groups being more marked in women than in men.
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