In particular, researchers measure genetic differences among populations found in different environments [ 1, 2].
However, co-chopping two putatively different samples from different populations would further increase certainty that differences among populations are not artefactual (Greilhuber 2005).
This fact can be related, on one hand, to differences among populations and, on the other hand, to different study designs.
In winter, the number of leaves per rosette did not differ between regions (P = 0.21) but showed significant differences among populations within regions (P<0.0001; Table 2).
None of the fecundity parameters significantly differed between regions (all P>0.19; Table 3) but showed differences among populations within regions (all P<0.0001).
Different selection pressures or stochastic events may lead to remarkable differences among populations that reproduce predominantly by self-pollination.
Diagnostic differences among populations in call structure possibly reflect local selection pressures presented by different heterospecific calling assemblages and may serve as a precursor of species-wide differentiation.
Differences among populations can also arise systematically, especially if the environments in various locations expose individuals to different optima for survival and reproduction (fitness).
Independent of environmental conditions and seed variety, significant differences among populations were expressed in terms of embryonic mortality, post-embryonic mortality, development time and adult weight.
The results demonstrated that there were significant differences among populations in responses to UV-B radiation: some populations exhibited a positive effect while others were negatively affected.
There were differences in thermal tolerance among latitudes in neonates, suggesting genetic differences among populations, but adults showed no latitudinal differences.
