The comparison produces a noisy profile near the hot wall as the probability of differential particle and fluid atom distribution in this more active region is less correlated (hence, the wrinkling of the zero-difference sheet closer to the hot wall in Fig. 3).
The polymorphic differences may or may not be large; polymorphism can be expressed in altered β-strands arrangements, altered turn conformations, altered sheet−sheet registrations, differences in the locations and fragment sizes of regions that are disordered, different sheet organizations, and different supramolecular packing.
In one film, the difference of sheet resistance between the conductive and insulating regions increased from 103 to 105 times.
A further characteristic property of traditional Chinese papers is inhomogeneity, which led to up to 20% variance between DP measurements, and up to 0.09 mm difference in sheet thickness within the same sample.
Dolphins can detect the most marginal variance in an object's size and consistency – assessing even the molecular difference between a sheet of copper and aluminium.
Due to the morphological difference, the annular sheet breakup could be classified into three regimes, which were bubble (shell) breakup, Christmas tree (cellular) breakup and fiber breakup.
This indicates that the difference between the sheet resistances under and outside the contact affects the derived specific contact resistivity of graphene significantly.
Fig. 4 gives the dependence of the assembly process on the value of the ΔGSh−ΔGTu (binding energy difference between the sheet- and tube-type lateral bonds), with fixed values of ΔGTu = −15.5 kBT and ΔGSh = 6 kBT.
On increasing ΔGShSh to 2 kBT (Fig. 5c), the free energy difference between a sheet and a tube bond (−1.5 kBT) cannot compensate the unfavorable term ΔGShSh, and more Tu-Sh structures than the Sh-Sh structures are formed.
The difference between a sheet bond-only structure and an unclosed tube bond-only structure is <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0007291.e066.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/>.
Stabilization treatment (water annealing vs autoclaving) was the main factor for crystallinity, as there was no difference in beta-sheet content across the different molecular weights.
