Instead, in addition to potential minor developmental rate differences of offspring in different male treatments, yolk size differences may result from intensified selection pressure on high quality sperm within ejaculates or some other non-genetic factor.
No evidence was recorded indicating that this effect may be mediated by a difference in offspring survival rate with regard to the sex of the fawns or associated with metabolic indicators in the hinds.
However, they showed no difference in offspring production rates between µG and 1G.
Furthermore, using a 14000 transcript microarray, we found a correlation between the induced gene expression differences in the parents, and the corresponding difference between offspring of parents from unpredictable or predictable conditions.
There were significant correlations (p<0.05) between male and female M-values within both generations, showing that male and female parents were affected similarly by the UL, and that this effect was mirrored, but to a lower degree, by a similar difference between offspring of UL and PL-parents.
Furthermore, there was a pronounced difference in offspring size and fecundity in the benign surface habitats.
Despite this, the difference in offspring BMI did not appear to be explained by differences in mothers' weights.
There was no difference in offspring production between the populations (all data pooled, medians of 79&6969 for UK and Greek females respectively; Mann Whitney U-test, W = 72429, p = 0.080).
This excess maternal weight gain in the HE sows was not associated with a significant difference in offspring weight at birth.
In Berejikian et al.'s (2009) study, hatchery-and wild-born summer chum salmon spawners (Quilcene fish that were included in this study) mated randomly and there was no significant difference in offspring produced per spawner type.
