For example, the range for the absolute difference in the GM concentrations of the indicator PCBs (138/158, 153, 180) between the trimesters were for first and third trimesters, whole weight, 20 33%, versus lipid adjusted, 3 7%; and for second and third trimesters, whole weight, 43 60%, versus lipid adjusted, 24 35%.
None of these studies tested a commercialized GM food; none tested the GM food for long-term effects beyond the subchronic period of 90 days; all found differences in the GM-fed animals, which in some cases were statistically significant; and none concluded on the safety of the GM food tested, let alone on the safety of GM foods in general.
A separate review of animal feeding studies that is often cited as showing that GM foods are safe included studies that found significant differences in the GM-fed animals.
Statistical significance of differences in the GMs compared with the reference category for each parameter was assessed using the adjusted Wald test, which is a modified version of the F-test that, as implanted in Stata, takes into account the survey design characteristics of the data set.
It was found that the free enthalpy difference in the melt Gm(γ̇,T −Gm(γ̇=0,T) increases with the shear rate that can be qualitatively rationalized by the reduced entropy of the melt prior to crystallization.
There was no statistically significant difference in the number of GM-CSFRα positive cells in RA compared with PsA (p=0.79; data not shown).
There was no significant difference in the concentrations of GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-2, TNFα, IL-12p70, and IL-15 between TB patients before treatment and controls, or between TB patients before and after treatment.
The interpretation of the results and conclusions in this paper is limited to the toxicological relevance of the differences detected between the GM and non-GM maize varieties.
In addition, the authors found no statistically significant difference in the growth of circulating CFU-GM hematopoietic progenitor cells ex vivo between exposed and control subjects.
There was no statistical difference in the absolute amounts of urine GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, and IL-18 among groups (data not shown).
As the upregulation of TET2 remained significant, even after normalizing with HPRT in our experiments [see Additional file 8D], this disparity could be due to the difference in the concentrations of IL-4 and GM-CSF used to generate iDCs.
