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This difference in optimism about untrained introspection may partly reflect differences in the types of judgments foregrounded in the two disciplines.
There was a difference in optimism before the treatment where SK&P group was less optimistic than the control group; the basis of this is currently unclear.
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Almost all studies on the mental and physical factors associated with optimism and on the causes of individual differences in optimism have been based on adult samples.
Participants' dispositional optimism scores on the LOT-R ranged from 2 to 22, with a mean score of 14.9, and there were no group differences in optimism scores.
The ACE model with sex differences gave a good fit in comparison to the saturated model and provided initial insight into the causes of differences in optimism and pessimism scores.
The oldest twin-adoption study of individual differences in optimism and pessimism, as assessed with the Life Orientation Scale [ 20], found that about 25%% of the variance was explained by genetic differences between people [ 21].
The objective of this study was to disentangle the causes of individual differences in optimism (measured with 3 items or measures with 6 items) and pessimism (3 items) and to gain insight into uni- versus bi-dimensionality of the LOT-R in an adolescent sample.
This result indicates that individual differences in adolescent optimism are mainly accounted for by non-shared environmental factors.
The LOT-R consists of 10 questions with a 6-item meandre and 4 filler items assessing individual differences in generalized optimism versus pessimism.
The LOT-R was developed to assess individual differences in generalized optimism (e.g. "In uncertain times, I usually expect the best") versus pessimism (e.g. "If something can go wrong for me, it will").
We then estimated optimism as the difference in performance between the bootstrap sample and the original dataset.
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