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We obtained a significant difference in empathy scores between different genders, which was in favour of women (p < 0.05, t 753) = 5.57) over men and is consistent with most other studies [ 11, 18, 19, 23].
The gender difference in empathy has been attributed to intrinsic factors (e.g., evolutionary-biological gender characteristics) as well as extrinsic factors (e.g., socialization, gender role expectations, etc).
Though quantitative findings showed little difference in empathy between groups, arts-making workshop participants gained empathic understanding in four different thematic areas.
We performed t-test to compare the mean difference in empathy and RME-R scores between the two groups of students.
The gender difference in empathy has been attributed to intrinsic factors (e.g. evolutionary-biological gender characteristics) as well as extrinsic factors (e.g. styles in interpersonal care, socialization, and gender role expectations).
However, there was no significant difference in empathy scores between beginning and senior medical students whether viewed as a mean or as a distribution between typical, low, and high score categories.
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With the present study we extended these previous findings by showing that empathy for others' (social) pain – here embarrassment – is experienced in a broad range of different social situations and that inter-individual differences in empathy modulate the vicarious experience of embarrassment.
Students in different genders and academic years have significant differences in empathy.
To accomplish this analysis, we first examined the differences in empathy scores between female physicians in different specialties.
There were statistically significant differences in empathy scores among medical students in different years of medical school (F = 3.08, p < 0.05), with the first year students having the lowest empathy scores (mean = 107.36) and the fourth year medical students having the highest (mean = 112.12).
Schulte-Rüther et al. [51] suggest that, based on recent neuroimaging work, males and females may use different cognitive and emotional processes for empathic responding which may lead to gender differences in empathy.
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