shows different levels of impairment upon grazing, potentially due to differences in detoxification abilities or adaptations to the toxins following post-exposure [20], [21].
For example, species differences in coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity appear to be due to differences in detoxification pathways [ 72].
Thus, the inconsistent results relating alcohol consumption to breast cancer risk might be explained by genetic differences in detoxification enzymes in the study populations.
Therefore, any studies where significant, and perhaps toxic, effects are seen at or below the Cmax, would suggest that the read-across hypothesis is not universally applicable, perhaps as a consequence of differences in detoxification mechanisms between humans and non-target organisms.
There are clear species variations in susceptibility, and this variability may in part reflect the interspecies differences in intestinal detoxification to de-epoxy DON (Yoshizawa et al. 1986), with humans possibly lacking this putative detoxification route (Sundstøl Eriksen and Pettersson 2003).
Further, the two different OPs evoked distinguishable changes in gene expression; about half the differences are in genes involved in detoxification, likely reflecting differences in the chemical structure of the two OPs.
Among other reasons, this could be due to a difference in the uptake or detoxification of these two antibiotics, which are known to share a common import mechanism via the L-3-glycerolphosphate and the glucose 6-phosphate pathway in E. coli.
The qRT-PCR assay on in vivo samples revealed no significant difference in basal expression of the detoxification enzyme ALDH-1, which converts aldophosphamide into carboxyphosphamide.
By means of MANCOVA at 6 months after detoxification the difference in craving among participants who are still using baclofen and those who have discontinued baclofen will be analysed corrected for craving after 3 months.
Ingelman-Sundberg (2005) has assumed that the difference in selective pressures for dietary detoxification potential resulted in the variance of the number of functional CYP2D genes between the human and mouse.
