The number of patients enrolled into the study was calibrated for detecting a 20%% difference in conduit function between severe and no or mild degree of DD.
According to previously published data from our group [ 3], we assumed that a 20%% difference in conduit function between severe and no or mild degree of DD could be detected with 31 subjects per group, assuming a SD of 20 % with a power = 0.90 and α = 0.01.
12 In addition, several studies have demonstrated no difference between ileal conduit and orthotopic diversion with respect to early diversion-related complications, late complications, or operative mortality.
This remarkable difference in patency between conduits is clearly multifactorial, but we have previously shown that SV-SMCs are inherently more proliferative than IMA-SMCs from the same patients [ 32].
(S.I.V. stands for structured investment vehicle, if you must know, but please don't ask me the difference between it and a conduit).
During freezing, ice spreads rapidly inside trees (Kitaura, 1967; Hacker and Neuner, 2007; Pramsohler et al., 2012), which can be assumed to concentrate the dissolved gases in front of the moving ice front (Sevanto et al., 2012), creating a large concentration difference between the gas within the conduits and the gas in inter-conduit spaces and further in the ambient air.
The pressure difference at the top of the conduit is set to be zero, and linearly increases with depth at the shallowest part.
Nevertheless, at 10 μM PGF2α, which appeared to produce a near maximum contraction, there was no significant difference between the responses evoked in conduit (86 ± 16%, n = 6) or resistance (89 ± 18%, n = 7) arteries from control animals.
This difference results depending on whether an open conduit system has been formed before the onset of eruption; the process of the conduit system formation may induce a time lag between the onsets of chamber deflation and magma discharge.
The mean absolute (i.e., without ± sign) difference between the two techniques in quantifying conduit volume averaged 4.1 ± 3.2 ml.
