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In general, the metals will turn fatigue under cyclic loading and furthermore will turn fatigue in a shorter time period if the difference between the tension and compression forces is great.
We have chosen to define Pround as the difference between the tension and an equilibrium pressure.
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Since we expect this to be a very fluid field, any differences between the tension levels of the various systems will tend to disappear quickly as they tend toward equilibrium.
The surface pressure, equal to the difference between the surface tension of the gas water interface of pure water and that of the interface under study, was measured as the monolayer films of the peptides and peptide/lipid mixtures were held at a constant area and exposure to gas-phase ozone.
The line tension of the steps is then calculated from the difference between the surface tensions of stepped (1 1 n) and the nominally step-free (0 0 1) surfaces.
The difference between the wire tensions of each DAM generates a torque for the corresponding local pulley, enabling precise local motions of the top plate mechanism.
The strength differential effect (SDE), i.e., the difference between the flow stress of uniaxial tension and compression, of a dual-phase steel sheet with a tensile strength of 980 MPa (DP980) was measured using an in-plane uniaxial tension compression test apparatus for sheet metals.
A significant difference between the behavior in tension versus compression is obtained at the polycrystal level if either twinning or non-Schmid effects are contributors to the plastic deformation at the single crystal level.
The difference between the behavior in tension and compression is such that the material cannot be modeled with a traditional constitutive law, thus an implicit constitutive equation valid for finite deformations is formulated, and a suitable selectivity criterion is proposed in order to distinguish the behavior in tension from that in compression.
Hence, a difference in the tension forces will develop between the two spans of the conductors attached to the left and right sides of the tower.
Measurement of type-II error was not preplanned in present study and this is of course a shortcoming of this study because assuming the percent difference of PFO frequency between the tension headache patients and the control group to be 7% (23 16%) with an α = 0.05, the post hoc type-II error of the study would be 0.82.
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