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The equations of the system are the differences between the final pressure of the pipes that end at the same network nodes and the difference between the specified and calculated design variables.
The scaling analysis allows to reduce problem parametric space to two lumped dimensionless parameters with the meaning of the solid toughness and of the tip underpressure (difference between the specified pressure in the tip cavity and the far field confining stress).
In the optimization section, the computation of the monomer feed rate is performed because the solution of a constrained optimization problem where the batch time is the performance index which is minimized and the difference between the specified and obtained PSDs (error) and the heat removal capacity of the reactor jacket enter as constrains.
Figure 8 shows how the absolute value of the difference between the specified and the measured crossover frequency was distributed over eleven valid measurements from the given experiment with an error-free system under test.
The model with Time alone was found to be the best model for predicting the probability of recapture (p), and thus p remains as a constant in this model; npar shows the number of parameters; QAICc is the adjusted AIC value following correction for overdipersion, and ∆QAICc shows the difference between the specified model and the 'best' model.
Φ (the probability of survival) remains as a constant in this model; npar shows the number of parameters; QAICc is the adjusted AIC value following correction for overdipersion, and ∆QAICc shows the difference between the specified model and the 'best' model.
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Contrast images of the differences between the specified conditions were calculated for each subject.
Likewise, the differences between the specified groups were analyzed by age and educational level.
In other words, they regard the difference between the price specified in the contract and the sum of the disbursements as the measure of recovery, and they insist that if the aggregate of disbursements equals or exceeds the contract price there can be no recovery at all.
It can be calculated by decreasing the bandwidth that can be allocated in prescheduled frames from the newly generated bandwidth, which is the difference between the bandwidths specified in the BRm- 1,x and BR m,n messages.
The RMSEA measures the difference between a specified model and the collected data.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com