(10) Multitask pathway-based learning: This refers to our technique, which minimizes the sum of logistic loss over the two tasks with an regularization penalizing the difference between the pathway summaries.
The difference between the two pathways is that agmatine is formed through decarboxylation reaction whereas, in the former pathway, after ornithine formation decarboxylation reaction takes place.
This ensures that the comparison we are making accounts for differences between the pathway in S. cerevisiae and that in the other organism and vice-versa.
The effect of the noise on the data may also be observed on the differences between the pathway significance thresholds set through permutations, where the distance 0 analysis sets on average a pathway significance threshold of ∼0.02 0.03, and the distance 20 kb, ∼0.008 0.02.
The major difference between the two pathways is the timing of the addition of the central cobalt atom (early in the anaerobic pathway and later in the aerobic pathway).
The most obvious difference between the three pathways concern the place where breaks first occur and what kind of products are initially formed.
As noted previously, the major structural difference between the O2 pathway in Tt ba3 and the bovine, Rs, and Pd aa3 oxidases is the narrowing of the ligand channel in the aa3 oxidases caused by conserved tryptophan and phenylalanine residues; in Tt ba3, these residues are replaced with tyrosine (Y133) and threonine (T231), respectively.
While humans and animals have common metabolic pathways for benzene, there are differences between the preferred pathways, such that different amounts of metabolites, some potentially more toxic than others are formed.
Although the value for melanogenesis seems to be elevated in comparison to pteridine synthesis and glycolysis, all differences between the three pathways (glycolysis, melanogenesis and pteridine pathway) are statistically not significant (χ-test, p > 0,05).
