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The conceptual difference between the hazard and vulnerability paradigms affects the way modern disaster risk reduction (DRR) is ultimately implemented.
In both multivariate analyses, the hazard ratios of the 12-gene risk score algorithm were higher than other clinical covariates except tumor stage (III vs. I), while there is no significant difference between the hazard ratio of the 12-gene signature and tumor stage.
There was no significant difference between the hazard ratios of former drinkers and never drinkers.
The relation between the hazards in approach J does not model the difference between the hazard rates satisfyingly and is therefore not the appropriate model.
The smaller the tumour size and thus the better the survival, the smaller the difference between the hazard ratio and the mortality ratio.
In addition, a test of significance of the difference between the hazard ratio for each explanatory variable in the two periods was carried out in order to gauge whether the hazards were significantly different.
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The estimated parameters of the time-varying covariates allow for testing directly the difference between the hazards before and after the intermediate event.
Furthermore, there are obvious differences between the hazard of graduation of men and women as well as between the hazard of graduation of students in HBO and WO studies.
The confidence intervals obtained from the Cox regression hazard ratios for FIordinal and FIdichotomous overlapped (Table 5); absolute differences between the hazard ratios for the two FIs was 0.001 for SHARE, 0.008 for NSHS, and 0.009 for Yale-PEP.
We compared differences between the hazard ratio from the randomised trial and the database using a standard normal z test, where the z score was obtained from the difference between the logarithm of the hazard ratio divided by the standard error of that difference.
As shown in Table 2, after stratifying the model according to DDAVP use (that is, presence of suspected CDI), hypernatremia did not bear any additional prognostic information in the presence of CDI (hazard ratio = 0.58; P = 0.57), while retaining its importance in the other instances (hazard ratio = 4.20; P = 0.004) (P = 0.060 for the test of the difference between the two hazard ratios).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com