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Difference from true log HR: Mean difference between the estimate of the log HR or log OR and the true log HR across the 1000 simulations.
The null hypothesis "the difference between the estimate obtained from the PED model and the estimate obtained from the SNPED model is 0" was tested against the alternative hypothesis "the difference between the estimate obtained from the PED model and the estimate obtained from the SNPED model is not 0" as above as well.
In a Bayesian framework, the weighted least-squares cost function is given by the expression where Y − Y ^ is the residual error of the model and β − β 0 is the difference between the estimate of the model parameters and some a priori expectation of the parameters.
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The estimated error is denoted by the difference between the estimated value and the true value.
It is likely that this uncertainty accounts for some of the difference between the estimated incidence rates in different countries.
There is also a pattern where the difference between the estimated and SEER rates differs systematically by birth cohort.
The error of the channel estimation is defined as the difference between the estimated channel and the simulated channel (i.e., the channel really used in the simulation).
Figure 4 shows the average percent difference between the estimated indices and the true indices for several different combination of filters.
The difference between the estimated probabilities and is dramatic, and leads to quite different conclusions in terms of population dynamics.
The paper losses reflect the difference between the estimated value today of the acquired companies and the outsized prices that JDS paid for them during a period of industry and investor euphoria.
As a threshold, the difference between the estimated and the predicted frequency should not exceed 10%.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com