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The difference between the electric field penetration depth in doped semiconductor film compared with that of metal film leads to different electric field distribution within the structure.
Although the difference between the electric field is three times, the difference between the thickest and thinnest is less than two times.
The anomalous electric field, computed as difference between the electric fields obtained in 3-D and 1-D models, can penetrate up to more than 500 km inland (depending on the site and the local conductivity structure).
When a cell is exposed to an external electric field E, a transmembrane voltage Um is induced across the plasma membrane due to the difference between the electric properties of cell membrane, the cytoplasm, and external medium.
In contrast to conventional analysis, in which the difference between the electric potentials at two electrodes is measured, topographic analysis relies on the distribution of the electric potential at the scalp (i.e. the topographic map) recorded from a multichannel electrode array.
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However, differences between the electric power and petroleum refining industries may be substantial enough to warrant a re-examination of key regulatory decisions in the power plant rule.
Model studies based on our numerical scheme revealed substantial differences between the electric fields generated in 3-D and 1-D models, even if the 1-D model makes use of the local vertical conductivity structure.
A companion policy brief Regulating Greenhouse Gases Sector by Sector under the Clean Air Act: How Well Does the Electric-Generating Unit Experience Translate to Petroleum Refineries?—highlights differences between the electric power industry and the petroleum refinery industry and highlights their significance for rulemaking for the latter.
In particular, a new policy brief identifies key differences between the electric power and refining industries, highlighting their potential significance for regulating the refining industry.
The train is capable of dual-voltage running due to differences between the electric systems of the Finnish and Russian rail network and is equipped with four pantographs.
In other words, there is a phase difference between the applied electric fields and the electro-osmotic flows.
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