Before rating the radiographs, the observers were given schematics of the different fracture types and a written introduction to the difference between the categories.
It is also important to define the difference between the categories hydrogen and accept hydrogen, in that they give dramatically different coefficients; accept hydrogen is positive and has almost twice the weight of the negative coefficient for hydrogen.
The most salient difference between the categories is that a moral dilemma arises only when the choice is such that neither horn is decisively supported by morality, indeed morality speaks equally against both.
However, when we look into category variables to see the degree of difference between the categories, we note that in education, the size of the place of residence, and occupation the difference is always due to a single deviating group.
However, Tukey HSD tests reveal that in many cases the difference between the categories was not significant.
For power anisotropy (Fig. 6A), there is no systematic difference between the categories of real-world photographs (faces, plants, objects, natural scenes) and the man-made image categories (monochrome art and portraits, cartoons, graphic novels and illustrations).
For categorical variables that are not binary, an excess risk function would be computed as the difference between the category having the lowest mortality and the death rate for each of the other categories.
For each analysis, a distribution was generated by shuffling, without replacement, the values from the two compared categories within and between categories, and then calculating the difference between the category means in these resampled data sets.
