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The difference between the alignment scores is divided by the SD of the randomized alignment score distribution where the scores greater than 6 are indicative of homology between two sequences [39] [41].
The beginning and end of the alignments were evaluated independently, and the difference between the alignment boundaries and the embedded domain boundaries was calculated in number of residues.
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Since the pairwise potential in the Z-score design tends to weaken the conservation caused by function, functionally conserved sites tend to have a large conservation difference between the native alignment and the alignment of designed sequences.
A dataset of 33 cucumber WRKY genes and 35 assembled WRKY gene cDNAs generated in a previous experimental study [ 30] were aligned to the reassembled cucumber genome by spaln [ 27], followed by manual checking of the differences between the alignment results and gene predictions in annotVer 1.0 and annotVer 2.0.
We define Impact as the normalized difference between Alignment and Alignment∗.
The study aimed to evaluate (1) the angular difference between different alignment axes; and (2) the effect of anterior cortex point and alignment axes on implant placement and amount of bone resected on seven implant systems.
From there, we evaluated (1) the angular difference between different alignment axes; and (2) the effect of anterior cortex point and alignment axes on implant placement and amount of bone resected on seven implant systems.
To achieve this, we ran a benchmark of all-against-all pairwise alignments of bacterial RNAse P RNA secondary structure trees, using our tool's different tree-alignment modes and comparing the differences between the obtained alignment costs.
Amounts of anterior, posterior, and distal resected bone were calculated along with the difference in orientation between the alignment axes.
Topological differences between the full alignment topology and each of the three other largest data partitions (full alignment without ycf1 and ycf2, and exon nucleotides both with and without ycf1 and ycf2) were tested for significance using the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test [ 56] with resampling estimated log-likelihood (RELL) bootstrapping (1,000 replicates) under the GTR+G model of evolution.
As with the previous dataset, the classical approach based on multiple sequence alignment performed best; this time the difference between alignment-based and alignment-free methods was larger.
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