The equids exhibited the most positive mean δ13C values, which indicate a higher component of dietary C4 grasses (up to 18%) when compared to the other sampled ungulate taxa.
Dietary treatments consisted of grass hay or red clover hay, and necessary supplements.
Four pregnant dry dairy cows permanently fitted with ruminal cannulae were randomly assigned to four kale: grass silage dietary proportions (0 100, K0; 60 40, K60; 85:15, K85 and 100 0, K100) on a dry matter basis in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design with four 20 day periods.
Dietary management involved feeding grass hay, restricted to 1.25% of body mass (BM) as daily dry matter intake and soaked in cold water prior to feeding, with the addition of a vitamin and mineral nutraceutical supplement with or without the addition of sc-FOS (10 g/100 kg).
In conclusion, our data indicate that in some tropical areas, methane production could differ between grasses and consequently a dietary strategy based on forage management is a realistic option to mitigate enteric methane from ruminants.
Once a vegan, he has moved toward the dietary mainstream, but beef — grass-fed, of course — passes his lips no more than monthly.
Acritohippus, a larger hypsodont equid, had a broad dietary niche eating C3 grasses in a relatively open environment.
The present experiment involved 48 Holstein cows in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 grass-based dietary treatments consisting of 4, 13.5, and 23% gDDGS on a dry matter (DM) basis (L, M, and H, respectively) as a replacement for a concentrate mix.
Other major dietary items included graminoids (grasses and sedges), Phaeophyta (brown algae), Zosteraceae (seagrasses), and Talitrid amphipods.
The phylogenetic distribution of feeding styles strongly supports that leaf-grass mixed feeding was the original feeding style of deer, and that later dietary specialization on leaves or grass occurred independently in several lineages.
