A representation of the cross-diet pathway regulation combinations is depicted in Figure 13.
In contrast to this similarity in CR-specificity in the multi-diet controlled pathways, the directionality of regulation was considerably different between the two genders, i.e. only 23% of male multi-diet pathways were down-regulated while 68% of female multi-diet pathways were down-regulated.
With respect to the male multi-diet pathways, there was a clear up-regulation of energy/metabolism regulating pathways (ets, ketone, butanoate, electron transport, bile acid, glyoxylate, propanoatem, glycolysis, FA biosynth, KET, valine metab, etc).
In contrast, the directionality of regulation of female multi-diet pathways linked to energy/metabolism appeared to be more complex, e.g. there was an up-regulation of some pathways (Bile acid, malate, vitcb) while a consistent down-regulation of other energy/metabolism pathways (cysteine, glucose_up, mitochondria, citrate-TCA, Krebs-TCA, TCA).
Further, income – diet cost pathway was found to play a stronger role in determining diet quality among lower education as compared to higher education.
This study was designed to explore the effect of a high-calorie diet on pathways involved in lipid metabolism in the remnant kidney of rats with CRF.
Among the non CR-specific cross gender, multi-diet regulated pathways almost 60% of the pathways demonstrated divergence of regulatory direction.
The 40% CR diet up-regulated pathways were pathways involved in glycolysis, protein deacetylation, PGC-1α and mTor pathways in both sexes (Fig. 10).
In males, the 20% CR diet down-regulated pathways were pathways involved in glycolysis and mitochondrial ATP production, whereas these metabolic pathways were up-regulated in females (Fig. 9).
Interestingly, the percentage of CR-specific multi-diet conserved pathways was almost identical between the males (36%) and the females (35%).
Mr. Kushi and his wife spread their message of diet as a pathway to good health and peace widely, through lectures and seminars and dozens of books.
