These discrepancies may be due to differences in species, metabolic phenotype, experimental approaches, form of administration (peripheral or central infusions), in the form of solutions or added in the diet, doses, duration of exposure, and experimental diet compositions.
db/db mice were treated for 2 weeks with high (1.5 g/kg diet), low (0.75 g/kg diet), or very low (0.25 g/kg diet) doses of metformin alone or in combination with a diet containing resveratrol 12.5 mg and CaHMB 2 g/kg.
The analysis does not account for population variation in diet, "dose" or varying food consumption in vulnerable populations.
The time of VO was significantly advanced in CD-1 mice fed the AIN-76A diet containing 150, 300, or 450 μg genistein/g diet dose compared with the control AIN-76A genistein-free diet.
98 When administered to rats fed high fat diets, CT-II (1% to 3.5% of diet) dose dependently suppressed body weight gain, and lowered parametrial fat and liver weight when compared to control animals.
DHEA and DHEA 8354 given for 6 weeks at low (125 mg/kg diet) or high (1,000 mg/kg diet) dose did not affect the animals' body weight or the incidence of tumors but decreased tumor multiplicity (Table 1): from 4 tumors per animal in the control group to 3.2 and 2.3 in the low-dose and high-dose DHEA groups (p < 0.05), respectively.
Our random-effects meta-analysis showed no significant difference in effects on ALT and AST [pooled mean differences (95% CIs): 2.06 U/L (−2.31, 6.42 U/L) and 1.15 U/L (−1.49, 3.78 U/L); I = 0%] between hypercaloric high-fructose and -glucose diets (doses ranged from 40 g/d to 3.5 g fructose or glucose · kg body weight−1 · d−1 added to a weight-maintenance diet).
But if they are offered and encouraged to "choose" super-saturated fat diets, dosed with excessive salt and drinks laced with multiple sugars, can the industries that produce and promote those products absolve themselves from the ugly outcomes?
Fig. 3 Estimated effects of investment on trees on caloric intakes and diet-dose-response function results, derivative, and 95% confidence bands.
The Wisconsin researchers conclude that resveratrol can mimic many of the effects of a caloric-restricted diet "at doses that can readily be achieved in humans".
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