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Although acute HDV infection did not cause overt liver damage in this model, cell-intrinsic and cellular innate immune responses were induced.
While individual germline deficiency of either Rap1a or Rap1b did not cause overt defects in mouse lens, conditional double deficiency (Rap1 cKO) prior to lens placode formation led to an ocular phenotype including microphthalmia and lens opacification in embryonic mice.
Post-mortem analysis of midbrain sections revealed that α-synuclein siRNA infusion did not cause overt tissue inflammation in the form of microglial activation.
During sepsis, MV with HVT did not cause overt lung injury, but increased kidney apoptosis as compared to LVT.
Therefore, although the exercise stimulus used in this study did not cause overt changes in cardiac mass, it induced transcriptional events consistent with the early stages of physiological cardiac remodelling.
Except for spectral differences resulting from testing pups of different ages (e.g. Fig. 3D I), prolonged maternal separation did not cause overt changes in pup vocalizations throughout the separation time (Fig. 4D F).
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C. neoformans is found worldwide in various environmental niches, generally associated with avian guano or vegetation2, 3. Exposure to C. neoformans usually does not cause overt disease and the infection may lead to an asymptomatic latent state4, 5.
These data thus indicate that fetal nicotine exposure, even at doses that do not cause overt signs of maternal/fetal/neonatal toxicity or growth impairment, influences both specific gene expression of cholinergic nerve terminal markers, as well as indices of neuronal function.
Although non-multipliers do not cause overt disease, they act as a pool from which multiplying bacteria emerge to cause recurrent disease.
Since knockout of the 5-HT4 receptor does not cause overt side effects [36], treatment with GR113808, GR125487, and R0110-0235 (andagoninversed inverse agonists for the wildtype receptor) may have minimal side effects as well.
Our view of the role of mir-61 in vulval development was challenged by Miska et al. [12], who reported that a deletion of mir-61, nDf59, does not cause overt vulval lineage defects.
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