A combination of stimulatory signals, including Wnts, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), and Noggin, and suppressive signals, such as BMP4, ultimately dictate expression patterns of the primary MRFs, MyoD1 and Myf5, and therefore propel commitment to the myogenic fate.
Tissue concentrations of lycopene are likely dictated by expression of and genetic variation in lipoprotein receptors, cholesterol transporters, and carotenoid metabolizing enzymes, thus impacting lycopene accumulation at target sites of action.
Current efforts in the development of organotypic hepatic model systems also need to consider these key factors that dictate the expression of liver-specific phenotype in vitro.
Highlighted article: In the zebrafish fin, a Wnt gradient dictates the expression of laminin α5, which signals via integrin α3 to control epithelial cell morphology.
This is contrary to the expectation for defects in brassinosteroid signaling, because feedback control dictates increased expression of the BR synthesis genes when the BR signal is attenuated (86).
However, the phases of the peripheral rhythms were significantly clustered with the phase of the activity rhythm, strongly suggesting that signals from the SCN continue to dictate the expression of peripheral phases in wild-type mice despite the expression of FAA behavior.
When reflecting on the various factors that dictate the expression of normal hepatic phenotype in vivo, it is easy to understand that much of the conditional loss of structure and function in vitro is due to the loss of physiological context under conventional culture conditions.
Until recently, circadian rhythms were regarded to be dictated by rhythmic expression of core clock proteins: in green cells, mainly LHY/CCA1 and TOC1 [ 32].
The function of PHA-4 in promoting survival of L1 larvae under starvation is dictated by the expression of several targets, mostly related to stress defense and metabolic processes (Zhong et al., 2010).
Interestingly, not all miRNAs discriminating ER-positive and ER-negative cell lines are associated with ER status and therefore the division of the cell lines into two clusters may not be purely dictated by the expression of ER-related miRNAs, but these miRNAs are probably also related to luminal versus basal cellular differentiation.
