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Finite element modeling is used to estimate dealloying-induced stresses and strains, and sheds light on the cracks created by the diameter shrinkage.
To improve the surface quality of the gold film, thermal annealing was conducted, by which an ultra-smooth gold film with root-mean-square (RMS) roughness of sub-1 nm was achieved, accompanied with a hole diameter shrinkage.
It was found that the (1,0) resonance mode of the annealed NHAs shows a blue shift of 19 and 23 nm which can be attributed to the hole diameter shrinkage from 175 to 150 nm and 235 to 209 nm, respectively.
The diameter shrinkage after random rewiring often indicates a collapse of local "community" structures existing in real-world networks.
This diameter shrinkage is evidence that the SWCNT is under tensile stress, demonstrating how SWCNTs reinforce and strengthen rebar graphene sheets and enable their polymer-free transfers.
In this setting, water depletion (inducing capsular diameter shrinkage over time), with subsequent re-establishment of ionic crosslinks (mainly visible between 60 and 120 days for Sr2+) is of critical importance.
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Heritabilities for wood density, stem diameter, volumetric shrinkage, acoustic velocity and wood stiffness are also presented.
After heat treatment, the nanofiber morphology was found to be well preserved except that the diameters showed shrinkage and the aspect ratio of nanotubes slightly decreased with increasing heat treatment temperatures [134].
Heritability estimates were calculated for the following: growth strain (0.63), density (0.54), diameter (0.76), volumetric shrinkage (0.29), acoustic velocity (0.97) and stiffness (0.82).
Table 1 Narrow-sense heritability of measured wood properties, calculated as per Eq. 1 Property Heritability 95% credible regions Strain 0.63 0.28–0.98 Density 0.54 0.11–0.97 Diameter 0.76 0.42–1.0 Volumetric shrinkage 0.29 0.13–0.45 Acoustic velocity 0.97 0.60–1.0 Stiffness 0.82 0.82–1.0.82
A waterfall plot of tumor diameter showed prominent shrinkage of the tumors in 88.7 % of patients.
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